Saturday, September 7, 2019
Determine how our society decides gender and what elements you believe Research Paper
Determine how our society decides gender and what elements you believe are the most influential in this construction - Research Paper Example er couple from Jayme Poisson’s article â€Å"Parents Keep Child’s Gender Secret†consider a social gender as a stereotypic and tyrannical issue, scholars of social science, particularly Thomas D. Steensma in â€Å"Gender Identity Development in Adolescence†and Curt Hoffman and Nancy Hurst in â€Å"Gender Stereotypes: Perception and Rationalization?†are looking for a scientific explanation of a social gender prejudice. Gender firstly should be given a correct definition, and Steensma describes gender in â€Å"Gender Identity Development in Adolescence†as a very complex issue. It’s different from sex, because sex is an inborn biological characteristic which usually matches with genitals differentiation, while gender can be revealed during life (Steensma 289). Gender constitutes of biological inborn characteristic and gender identity, which is a personal revelation of gender, and of a gender role, which is determined by social expectations on males and females (different behavior, social roles and different personal characteristics are expected) (Steensma 291). Thus, gender depends on biological (hormones, chromosomes and genitals) and psycho-sociological (nurturing) factors. It doesn’t seem possible to reveal gender without social interference in a process. Society affects a gender identity by imposing different natures of male and female nurturing: parents and a social environment both tend to raise male and female children with a view of their future social roles (Hoffman & Hurst 197). A nurturing starts early, already from a new born period, and society behaves differently towards babies of different sex, starting from a lexicon used when talking about a baby to different toys and activities imposing. It seems important for society to define gender from the very first days of life. Witterink and Stocker who raise a transgender child admits, â€Å"When baby comes out even the people who love you and are close to you firstly ask if it’s a boy or a girlâ€
Friday, September 6, 2019
Training Programs for an Age and Culturally Diverse Workforce Essay Example for Free
Training Programs for an Age and Culturally Diverse Workforce Essay The launch of the Age Discrimination Act in October 2006 signifies that every institution will have to do something for it to keep abreast by producing age-inclusive working practices. Reality tells us that the workforce is shifting. At one pole people are living longer at the same time that the other end of the continuum diminishing birthrates are making a diminishing source of younger workforce. When merged with the legislation intended to embark upon ageism, this indicates that employers cope with key challenges necessitating a deep cultural change. All areas of personnel practice including recruitment, motivation, performance management, succession and retirement will have to be reviewed. The changing workforce Most of the anticipated increase in the US labor force between 2000 and 2050 will be made up of workers aged 55 and over. Employees aged 55 and over will comprise a larger share of the US labor force (12. 9% in 2000; 18. 8% in 2050) (Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) survey). A lot of employers recognize that excellent employee training is vital for an organizations success. A broad ranging assortment of training platforms and vehicles are used by employers. Training themes may comprise extensive proficiency such as literacy, technological skills, direction about the organization, and curriculums intended to avoid legal concerns, such as sexual harassment education and ethics preparation. These training programs moreover must not show prejudice, and time used up in training may be compensable. Federal law necessitates training in numerous health and safety allied matters. Workers training used to be thought of as a non-compulsory aid, an extra that only the most advanced employers offered to the most gifted employees. Even now, as the market rotates downward, worker training is frequently the first to go, considered not as an investment but as expenditure to be disposed of in hard times. But these days employers increasingly recognize and appreciate that, far from being an add-on, high-quality employee training is essential to an organization’s success and that a smart, excellent workforce is fundamental to worker output and welfare. In actual fact, more than 70 percent of employers make available some sort of job training for their employees, based on a Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) survey. The survey also found that employers with high employee turnover train less and spend less on training than other businesses. While it is unclear which comes first, the probable inference is that training is linked to long-term employment and is an important factor in successful performance, productivity, and morale. However, in the training industry, it is pertinent that specific needs are addressed. This paper attempts to show in what ways training programs meet a cultural and generational workforce. Facts and Figures Several of the labor force we have today are aging and culturally mixed. Point No. 1. The Age of Workforce Matters In this dog-eat-dog world, any industry will deny the fact that to them, age across the broad spectrum representing national employment matters. It matters because today, many of these employees do not even think of retiring if they are past the retirement age (Andrews, 1998). Any institution will then take into consideration who and what age does the company’s workforce composed of?
Thursday, September 5, 2019
Health Disparities Between Maoris and Non-Maoris
Health Disparities Between Maoris and Non-Maoris Introduction The first inhabitants of New Zealand came from the islands nearby. The locals or what they call themselves, Maoris, travelled across the pacific some thousand years ago. It was also thought that the Maoris arrived in the island by groups. The initial meetings between the pakehas (the whites) and the Maori’s was recorded to have been in the 1700’s headed by James Cook, an expedition coming from Britain. In the middle of the 1800’s, an agreement was written between the British colony and the local settlers in the form of the Treaty of Waitangi. Agreed and signed by Maori chiefs and individuals that stood in behalf of the British crown. This agreement came about as the mediating factor between the foreigners and in particular the protection of the interests of Maori’s. The treaty gave way to more migrants from Britain up to a point where pakeha’s already outnumber the locals. With new methods of living introduced by the whites, the locals were not able to adapt easily constituting the increase in Maori death rates. It was believed firearms and new contagious illnesses were among the top cause of mortality for the locals. Moreover, history is telling us that after New Zealand was colonized, locals were losing their lands which contributed much of the Maori’s health issues. It was noted that incidence of death was not as high as compared to those indigenous groups who were able to get hold and not surrender their lands as in the case of the Tongans and Samoans. (Kunitz, 1994) The various challenges the Maori people faced were not limited to confiscation of their lands. This included putting restrictions with their rights and discouraging the use of Maori language in the area of study which paved way to adding more insult to the health of the Maori’s. The signed Treaty of Waitangi has its main purpose which is to protect the rights of the locals of New Zealand particularly the Maori’s. However, realization of the main purpose of the treaty remained only in writing which resulted in disparities in health access between the whites and the Maori’s. In this paper, I will be discussing the disparity and how it has put the Maori’s in the disadvantage which was clearly the opposite intention of the Treaty of Waitangi. The aim here is to better understand the Maori’s and where they are coming from so we, the future health care providers in this country, would be able to perform our duties properly. Health Disparities Various studies have been done and scholars cited numerous reasons why there are inequalities particularly in health between the pakeha’s and the Maori’s. Genetic factors and environmental influences are among the suspects for the disparity but really does not play as the key variables when it comes to public health concerns. For the purpose of this study, we try to dissect the â€Å"nongenetic†factors for the disparities in health between the pakeha’s and the Maoris. These include socioeconomic variables, lifestyle, discrimination, and accessibility to health care. Noting that, although, these may be four areas to consider, they are all somewhat correlated with each other. Socioeconomic Factor The loss of land by most of the Maori’s constituted to their poor status. The locals have lost their ability to care for their lands which led to low production of fruit crops. Inability to rear animals such as pigs, sheep and cows due to lack of space also contributed to their lessening power to trade. Without much power in trade resulted to low income which forced them to live in the outskirts where there is limited supply of the basic needs. As a result, the Maori’s, being unable to acquire the necessities in life, were subjected to poor health conditions. Lifestyle Tobacco use and alcohol consumption were introduced to the locals by the colonizers to help pass time or to keep them pre-occupied. However, with their poor state of life, Maori’s resorted more to these vices to combat depression. Unknowingly, it had grown in them and fell slave to these addictive elements. Excessive intake of these products created more problems for the Maori’s. They became more depressed and elicited unruly behaviours which certainly did not help in promoting good health practices. The lack of knowledge with proper food preparations also added to the Maori health issues. Maori’s also believed that when an individual has gained weight that it is a sign of being healthy. Unfortunately, with the wrong perception, high rate of obesity and cardiovascular related diseases are not uncommon to them. Discrimination The locals or the Maoris have been long a subject to racism and have experienced discrimination at all levels for most of their lives. The incidence happening within the health care areas, may it be conscious and unintentional attitudes of people providing health care, have caused the Maoris to be doubtful when seeking medical assistance until it is already in its worst stage. Maoris also have encountered disempowerment coming from health care professionals. GP’s were reported to not likely support when it comes to measures to prevent health conditions to Maoris as compared to the non-Maoris. Access to Health Care Living in far flung areas not only inhibits the Maori’s accessibility to health care but it also limits them in getting proper assistance from any health care provider. Still in connection with the socioeconomic factor, some, if not most, of the Maori’s are still illiterate when it comes to using the internet due to either lack of service in the area or the lack of capability to get the service. Transportation also plays an important role when it comes to accessing health care. Most Maoris do not have the means for them to bring themselves to the nearest health care institution. Mostly happening, if a person coming from a specific cultural minority will seek medical assistance, one would want to find out if there is a medical staff of the same cultural background so it would be easy to convey their real condition. Being able to talk to an individual of the same culture will help ease the patient in opening his or her issues. Combating Disparities In recent time, a health disparity model has been formulated by the government under the Ministry of Health. This is to address the issues pertaining to inequalities in health for Maori’s. This model recognises the root of the disparities in a community and outlines procedures than can be performed to combat situations that cause the disparities. Areas that the model wants to achieve include finding ways on how to improve an individual/family income, the importance of employment, providing education and health access for the locals. In this model, it is also addresses Maori’s to have more control in the land/communities they are currently living in. It is also supported that health services including disability assistance be given when necessary. An example of this is when a local is disadvantaged due to sickness or disability will be provided sufficient income assistance and support against social, ethnic and racial discrimination. (Ministry of Health, 2002) Case 1 A case study was done about a Maori banker who sought medical attention as he was not feeling well. During consultation, the GP was not able to get the whole picture about the status of his patient. The GP tried to explain his thoughts about the situation and asked for further details. The patient started to get frustrated. The patient mentioned that she went to a urupa (graveyard) and smoked and thought it could be the reason of his condition. The GP, having no idea of the significance asked for its relevance. The banker revealed that graveyards are considered sacred and that by smoking in it is against their culture. The GP elicited if the patient had any idea on how to fix it. After a sigh, the patient replied that he needed a priest. For the GP, although he knew the act had nothing to do about his condition, out of respect of the individuals’ belief, he acknowledged about the violation of their culture and that he would be able to give medicine to take care of his breathle ssness. In this case, the Maori patient really believed that the cause of his being unwell is rooted from him violating the Maori culture. Although the GP could have easily corrected the wrong notion, it would have been really difficult to have an argument especially if it contradicts ones cultural beliefs as it would mean for them as a sign of disrespect. The GP in this case was able to show signs that he respected their cultural system while presenting complementary solution from modern medicine which in turn helped hastens the intervention. The GP being comfortable with the disease attribution of the patient and by following the culture protocols while offering supportive assistance to deal with the patient’s breathlessness gave way for the Maori patient to be also comfortable in accepting treatment for both Maori and modern method of treating the condition. Case 2 Another case involving a 47 year old man of Maori descent who have encountered an injury from a crash at his work place as a driver. The health provider handling the patient had difficulty because the man is rude and unfriendly when they initially spoke on the phone. The issue was then brought up in a team meeting. Fortunately, one member is also a Maori who then suggested that a personal meeting is necessary between the health provider, his employer, client and his family. The meeting was then set and everyone was present including the clients’ employer and whanau. During the meeting, the patient spoke that it was his first time to meet most who were in attendance. The patient also expressed his dismay about the different treatment plan suggested by different providers and that there was no clear information on when he is able to return to work. The patient is also concerned about the rehabilitation process as it might interfere with his duties in their cultural group. In this case, since all the variables that can be affected during the procedure were all present, it made easy to formulate a care plan. By doing this, a fast and significant recovery was experienced sooner than expected since everyone was motivated and at the same time very cooperative performing the planned care. Conclusion As a future health care provider in New Zealand, understanding the Maori’s is very critical in providing health service and somehow will help fulfil what the Treaty of Waitangi is really for. Our aim as health care practitioners is not to change an individuals’ beliefs or customs. We should be advocates particularly to the disadvantaged for them to have control of their lives and be able to improve their ways of living most specially with their health. We should then encourage Maori’s to look after their health and be able to support their own well-being. Caring for them is not limited to those who are sick only but also to their whanau where making right choices about maintaining good health practices should be inculcated fully. In order to be successful with such model, the Maori’s and health care providers should be able to access the necessary resources. It should also be readily available, accepted and is in line with the maori culture. As most of us do, it is a must that we trust our own health care provider to let them handle any of our health conditions. Same with the Maori’s, if they are satisfied and accept the treatment given then it gives them confidence that the health care provider understands where they are coming from and what they really need. For this, it is a must for all health care providers to increase their knowledge about the history of the Maori culture and better understand what the real intentions of the Treaty of Waitangi. This move will definitely make the health care provider be culturally competent and be able to effectively communicate with Maori individuals and their whanau. In addition, this will also encourage patients to seek help early and be able to provide pertinent clinical details. Bibliography Kunitz, S. J. (1994). Disease and Social Diversity: The European Impact on the Health of Non-Europeans. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. Mà ¤uri Ora Associates. (2006, October). Best health outcomes for Maori: Practice Implications. Retrieved April 2, 2015, from Medical Council of New Zealand: https://www.mcnz.org.nz/assets/News-and-Publications/Statements/Best-health-outcomes-for-Maori.pdf Ministry of Health. (2002). Reducing Inequalities in Health. Wellington: Ministry of Health.
Wednesday, September 4, 2019
Summary of Case Analysis: Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company Essay
Summary of Case Analysis: Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company 1.     INTRODUCTION GOODYEAR TIRE AND RUBBER COMPANY      Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, was founded in 1898 and was the world tire production leader until November 1990 when Groupe Michelin took over after merging with Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company. Goodyear ¡Ã‚ ¦s principal business is the development, manufacture, distribution, and sale of tires throughout the world. Its tires and tube sales represent 83 % of 1991 corporate sales of $10.9 billion with corporate wide earnings of $96.9 million. It has its owned Goodyear Auto Service Centers and franchised Goodyear Tire Dealers in supporting its distribution and sale of tires in US. Goodyear controls 20 percent of the world ¡Ã‚ ¦s tire manufacturing capacity and 37 percent of US tire-making capacity and sales outside US represent 42 % of company revenues. Table 1  ¡V Worldwide Market Share, 1990 In early 1992, Sears, Roebuck and Company (Sears), owner of Auto Centers proposed to sell Goodyear ¡Ã‚ ¦s popular brand tire, Eagle. This has raised Goodyear ¡Ã‚ ¦s management consideration due to the following facts: (i)     Goodyear brand tires has declined 3.2 % in market share (4.9 million units) for passenger cars between 1987 to 1991; (ii)     2 million worn-out Goodyear tires were replaced with other brands at 850 Sears Auto Centers. 2.     THE ISSUE      The declining of Goodyear market share was believed due to the growth of warehouse membership club and the discount tire retail. See Table 2 and 3 below. In addition to that, about 2 million Goodyear tires were replaced by other brands at Sears Auto Centers in the Replacement Tire Market.      Table 2  ¡V US Market Share of Tire Replacement by Retail Outlet Type of Retail Outlet     1982 (%)     1992 (%) Traditional multibrand independent dealers     44     44 Discount multibrand independent dealers     7     15 Chain stores, department stores     20     14 Tire company stores     10     9 Service stations     11     8 Warehouse clubs     0     6 Others     8     4 Total     100     100      Table 3  ¡V Pie chart of US Market Share of Tire Replacement by Retail Outlet           The Goodyear ¡Ã‚ ¦s management is considering Sears proposal to sell its Goodyear ¡Ã‚ ¦s popular brand i.e. Eagle which basically affect it distribution policy. In summary, the above factors l... ...(b)     Price a.     To offer high incentive in terms of transfer of price to the franchise dealers and standard incentive to Sears Auto Centers. (c)     Advertising and Promotion a.     Strategize the advertising to notify and educate customers of the new and additional channels of Goodyear tire products in the TV and newspaper; (d)     Distribution and Sales a.     To review the existing franchise contracts with the franchise dealers and provide more marketing support to both franchise dealers and Sears. b.     To restrict distribution of tires, ie. Channels (franchise and Sears) will only be able to obtain distribution from authorized distributors and not directly from manufacturer, as this will ensure price stability. 7.     CONCLUSION The recommendation is to proceed with the review of distribution policy in order to allow Sears to sell Goodyear tires and expand the franchise dealers ¡Ã‚ ¦ business to include the on-stop-service centers. This decision will re-gain market share from the warehouse club and discount independent dealers and increase sales of 2 million tires annually as the distribution channels have increase and able to tap loyalty customers of Sears.
Tuesday, September 3, 2019
What Do Children Owe Their Parents? Essay -- Sociology, Family, Parent
Every child who has been placed on this earth was made by the choice of their parents, who were given the opportunity to procreate. As children grow up and become adults, their parents become elderly and are unable to take care of themselves. Grown children don’t owe their parents anything, but to have a relationship of honoring their parents with love and respect. Parents are role models who are the important key elements in a child’s development. Your parents were there to give you life, to take care of you and to teach you what is right from wrong. â€Å"I will maintain that parents’ voluntary sacrifices, rather than creating â€Å"debts†to be repaid,†tend to create love or â€Å"friendship†(English 720). Depending how parents treat the child either in a negative or positive way, will determine how the Grown child will treat their elderly parents when they get older. â€Å"The duties of grown children are those of friends and result from love between them and their parents, rather than being things owed in repayment for parents’ earlier sacrifices (English 720). Your parents did you a favor in giving you life and putting you on this earth. This favor they did for you creates your debt. Not a debt to society, but to your parents. A debt is owing something or someone back from which you borrowed or used their services. A child does not owe their parents anything because they never asked to put in this world in Brotherson 2 the first place. As a child grows up to be an adult, they learn from their upbringing and have a chance to be better adults later on in life through introspection. Your parents made sacrifices to have you and to raise you. As an adult it should be a responsibility and a duty to take care of your parents. â€Å" What do grown... ...sed my graduation. prom, and birthdays. In my heart I am glad that she made me because she could’ve aborted me. After all of this I realize that my father was right about my mother. What I noticed is that her anger that is inside her everyday is mostly from my father and what she regrets is not being a mother to me. Today I don’t keep in any form of contact with her. I want her to decision to affect her for the rest of her life. I can’t be in her life if she doesn’t want me in her life. Brotherson 6 Through your parents mistakes you can be better parents in the future to your children. You can do this by being there for your child and making them be responsible adults in the future. Children owe it to themselves to build a life for themselves. Children owe it to themselves to find happiness in life and they owe it to themselves to make the right choices.
Monday, September 2, 2019
Defying Societys Norms :: Sports Social Culture Essays
Defying Society's Norms When a person decides to enter a sport that is not traditionally competed in by his or her sex, there are many risks. One of these risks is the risk of getting rejected or ridiculed because participating in that sport is not common. However, if no one ever dared to defy the socially accepted boundaries, then women would not be playing sports. There are girls who defy these boundaries and wrestle or play football in high school as well as boys who enter field hockey. These boundaries need to be broken, even if there is ridicule and risks behind them, because of the benefits of this defiance. Society would not progress if people did not take these risks. Women were not accepted into the field of sport until much later than men. For example, the first women's baseball team was formed at Vassar College in 1865. Initially, a woman's version of competing in sport was Play Days. These days were times for women to gather and play sports. However, there was no competitive element. Women simply worked together in a sport. Once women were allowed to compete in sports like basketball, men were not allowed to watch. These standards seem to be a mockery of the ideas behind sport and the competition that goes along with it. However, if this phase of mockery and controversy had not been endured, women probably would not be competing in sports. Once women gained there places in the world of sports, there were still other obstacles to overcome. For example, during World War II, a women's baseball league was formed. However, the women were not there for the spirit of sport and competition. Their uniforms were cute and highly feminine. They wore skirts. This was a way to attract more spectators and to make sure that women playing baseball did not get to competitive or go against any standards for women of that time. Therefore, even when women were defying society, they were forced to conform in some aspects. This idea has been explored greatly in many films. One of these movies is Girl Fight. Girl Fight shows the story of Diana Guzman, a high school senior who always gets into fights at school. Once she realizes that she could put that energy towards fighting, she wants to learn to box. However, her father does not view boxing as suitable for women and instead continues paying for her younger brother's boxing lesson. Defying Society's Norms :: Sports Social Culture Essays Defying Society's Norms When a person decides to enter a sport that is not traditionally competed in by his or her sex, there are many risks. One of these risks is the risk of getting rejected or ridiculed because participating in that sport is not common. However, if no one ever dared to defy the socially accepted boundaries, then women would not be playing sports. There are girls who defy these boundaries and wrestle or play football in high school as well as boys who enter field hockey. These boundaries need to be broken, even if there is ridicule and risks behind them, because of the benefits of this defiance. Society would not progress if people did not take these risks. Women were not accepted into the field of sport until much later than men. For example, the first women's baseball team was formed at Vassar College in 1865. Initially, a woman's version of competing in sport was Play Days. These days were times for women to gather and play sports. However, there was no competitive element. Women simply worked together in a sport. Once women were allowed to compete in sports like basketball, men were not allowed to watch. These standards seem to be a mockery of the ideas behind sport and the competition that goes along with it. However, if this phase of mockery and controversy had not been endured, women probably would not be competing in sports. Once women gained there places in the world of sports, there were still other obstacles to overcome. For example, during World War II, a women's baseball league was formed. However, the women were not there for the spirit of sport and competition. Their uniforms were cute and highly feminine. They wore skirts. This was a way to attract more spectators and to make sure that women playing baseball did not get to competitive or go against any standards for women of that time. Therefore, even when women were defying society, they were forced to conform in some aspects. This idea has been explored greatly in many films. One of these movies is Girl Fight. Girl Fight shows the story of Diana Guzman, a high school senior who always gets into fights at school. Once she realizes that she could put that energy towards fighting, she wants to learn to box. However, her father does not view boxing as suitable for women and instead continues paying for her younger brother's boxing lesson.
Sunday, September 1, 2019
Indigenous Societies
â€Å"Whale Rider†Extra Credit Questions Name ________________________________________ Class Start Time ___________ 1. What object does the grandfather throw overboard a boat (and expects will be retrieved)? a. his father’s brass heirloom pistol b. his traditional chief’s necklace c. his sacred black harpoon d. his sacred smoking pipe e. his radio 2. What is the central conflict in â€Å"Whale Rider†? a. How do indigenous societies keep their traditions and yet accept change? b. How indigenous societies must fight through the legal system to gain title to their land. . How can indigenous societies reverse language loss? d. How do indigenous societies gain control over rising blood pressure? 3. What item has not been finished, but finally is (and is then used) at the end of the film? a. a chief’s house b. a traditional canoe c. a woman’s hut d. a ritual club 4. What (or who) is the grandfather trying to find? a. the sacred carved steering pad dle for his carved war canoe. b. a leader who will lead his people into the next generation. c. a new husband for his spinster granddaughter. d. all of the above 5.What does the grandfather do when the object is not retrieved? a. leaves it there and sinks into a depression. b. retrieves it himself and then breaks it in half with his bare hands. c. forces his son to retrieve it. d. leaves it there and it is never retrieved again. e. calls up a supernatural whale ancestor who swallows it up and spits it onto the beach. 6. This film†¦ a. captures the confusion of a traditional culture in transition to a modern one. b. graphically depicts the abuse of native peoples at the hands of more technologically advanced white colonists. . focuses on what might be called â€Å"slave labor†conditions in Third World sweatshops. d. portrays how one man is able to overcome his drug addiction to become the next chief of the tribe. e. all of the above 7. How does ‘Whale Rider’ conclude? a. the grandfather drowns, killed as he tries to ride a whale. b. the girl is allowed to become a leader. c. the girl’s mother is brought back to life by the supernatural whale spirit. d. the girl helps win the court battle, and gains ocean fishing rights for her people.
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